Painter and goldsmith Rowland Lockey was born in London and probably began his apprenticeship with Hilliard in 1581. By 1590 he was working independently and painted a series of family portraits based on the painting ‘The Family of Sir Thomas More’ by Hans Holbein. He received several commissions from 1592 to 1613, including those from ‘Bess’ of Hardwick, and later her son William Cavendish, for Hardwick Hall.